Dependent variable:
Corruption PCA Score
year 2012year 2016
(1)(2)(3)(4)
Self-Assessed Skin Tone (1 = lightest)   -0.0200.016-0.066***-0.048*
(0.023)(0.037)(0.021)(0.025)
Black-0.303-0.102
(0.226)(0.155)
Hispanic-0.377**-0.410***
(0.148)(0.096)
Other race0.2540.035
(0.176)(0.105)
Age-0.002-0.003-0.004**-0.004**
(0.003)(0.003)(0.002)(0.002)
Female0.0380.0400.0770.075
(0.088)(0.088)(0.063)(0.062)
Education: High School-0.141-0.1490.1590.116
(0.115)(0.113)(0.137)(0.136)
Education: Some College-0.157-0.1590.278**0.224*
(0.118)(0.116)(0.134)(0.132)
Education: College or More-0.400***-0.416***-0.079-0.153
(0.136)(0.132)(0.141)(0.138)
Party ID (1 = Strong Democrat)0.085***0.076***0.140***0.131***
(0.021)(0.022)(0.013)(0.013)
Income (30 ordered categories)-0.009-0.011*-0.0002-0.0003
(0.006)(0.006)(0.003)(0.003)
Northeast Region0.1300.171-0.324*-0.197
(0.240)(0.242)(0.175)(0.173)
North Central Region0.0300.045-0.261-0.163
(0.243)(0.250)(0.163)(0.161)
South Region0.1490.218-0.307*-0.180
(0.214)(0.209)(0.176)(0.175)
West Region0.0160.092-0.385**-0.227
(0.218)(0.235)(0.182)(0.180)
Observations1,8081,8023,3423,335
Log Likelihood-3,432.734-3,411.665-5,949.221-5,920.638
Akaike Inf. Crit.6,889.4676,853.33011,922.44011,871.270
Note:*p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01