|
| Dependent variable: |
| |
| Corruption PCA Score |
| year 2012 | year 2016 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|
| Self-Assessed Skin Tone (1 = lightest) | -0.020 | 0.016 | -0.066*** | -0.048* |
| (0.023) | (0.037) | (0.021) | (0.025) |
| | | | |
| Black | | -0.303 | | -0.102 |
| | (0.226) | | (0.155) |
| | | | |
| Hispanic | | -0.377** | | -0.410*** |
| | (0.148) | | (0.096) |
| | | | |
| Other race | | 0.254 | | 0.035 |
| | (0.176) | | (0.105) |
| | | | |
| Age | -0.002 | -0.003 | -0.004** | -0.004** |
| (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) |
| | | | |
| Female | 0.038 | 0.040 | 0.077 | 0.075 |
| (0.088) | (0.088) | (0.063) | (0.062) |
| | | | |
| Education: High School | -0.141 | -0.149 | 0.159 | 0.116 |
| (0.115) | (0.113) | (0.137) | (0.136) |
| | | | |
| Education: Some College | -0.157 | -0.159 | 0.278** | 0.224* |
| (0.118) | (0.116) | (0.134) | (0.132) |
| | | | |
| Education: College or More | -0.400*** | -0.416*** | -0.079 | -0.153 |
| (0.136) | (0.132) | (0.141) | (0.138) |
| | | | |
| Party ID (1 = Strong Democrat) | 0.085*** | 0.076*** | 0.140*** | 0.131*** |
| (0.021) | (0.022) | (0.013) | (0.013) |
| | | | |
| Income (30 ordered categories) | -0.009 | -0.011* | -0.0002 | -0.0003 |
| (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.003) | (0.003) |
| | | | |
| Northeast Region | 0.130 | 0.171 | -0.324* | -0.197 |
| (0.240) | (0.242) | (0.175) | (0.173) |
| | | | |
| North Central Region | 0.030 | 0.045 | -0.261 | -0.163 |
| (0.243) | (0.250) | (0.163) | (0.161) |
| | | | |
| South Region | 0.149 | 0.218 | -0.307* | -0.180 |
| (0.214) | (0.209) | (0.176) | (0.175) |
| | | | |
| West Region | 0.016 | 0.092 | -0.385** | -0.227 |
| (0.218) | (0.235) | (0.182) | (0.180) |
| | | | |
|
| Observations | 1,808 | 1,802 | 3,342 | 3,335 |
| Log Likelihood | -3,432.734 | -3,411.665 | -5,949.221 | -5,920.638 |
| Akaike Inf. Crit. | 6,889.467 | 6,853.330 | 11,922.440 | 11,871.270 |
|
| Note: | *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01 |